The Book of Philippians: A Scholarly Overview
Background of the Book
The Book of Philippians is one of the epistles attributed to the Apostle Paul, written during his imprisonment, likely in Rome, around A.D. 61. The letter is addressed to the Christian community in Philippi, a city in Macedonia, which was the first European city to receive the gospel during Paul’s second missionary journey (Acts 16:12-40). The Philippian church was established through the conversion of key figures, including Lydia, a merchant of purple goods, and the jailer who was converted after Paul and Silas were imprisoned (Acts 16:14-34). The church was known for its generosity and support of Paul’s ministry, as evidenced by their financial contributions (Philippians 4:15-16).
Main Theme
The central theme of Philippians is joy in Christ, despite circumstances. Paul emphasizes the importance of maintaining a joyful spirit and unity among believers, encouraging them to rejoice in the Lord (Philippians 4:4). The epistle also addresses themes of humility, service, and the pursuit of spiritual maturity. Paul’s personal reflections on his own sufferings and the surpassing worth of knowing Christ (Philippians 3:8) serve as a model for the Philippians to emulate.
Main Characters
Apostle Paul: The author of the letter, Paul, is a prominent figure in early Christianity. His experiences, including his imprisonment and missionary work, shape the content of the letter.
Timothy: Paul’s co-worker and a key figure in the Philippian church, Timothy is mentioned in the opening of the letter (Philippians 1:1) and is likely the one who delivered the letter to the church.
Epaphroditus: A member of the Philippian church who served as a messenger to Paul, bringing gifts and news from the church. He is commended for his service and dedication (Philippians 2:25-30).
Basic Outline of the Book
Introduction (Philippians 1:1-11): Paul greets the Philippians and expresses his gratitude for their partnership in the gospel.
Paul’s Circumstances and the Advancement of the Gospel (Philippians 1:12-26): Paul discusses his imprisonment and how it has served to advance the gospel, encouraging the Philippians to remain bold in their faith.
Exhortation to Unity and Humility (Philippians 1:27-2:18): Paul urges the church to live in a manner worthy of the gospel, emphasizing unity and humility, exemplified by Christ’s own humility (Philippians 2:5-11).
Timothy and Epaphroditus (Philippians 2:19-30): Paul shares his plans to send Timothy and commends Epaphroditus for his service.
Warning Against False Teachers (Philippians 3:1-21): Paul warns the Philippians about false teachers and emphasizes the importance of true righteousness through faith in Christ.
Exhortations and Final Greetings (Philippians 4:1-23): Paul concludes with practical exhortations, encouraging the Philippians to rejoice, pray, and think on things that are true and honorable.
Important Details
The Book of Philippians is notable for its emphasis on joy and encouragement in the face of adversity. Paul’s personal reflections and theological insights provide a rich understanding of Christian living. The letter is often cited for its profound teachings on humility, particularly in Philippians 2:5-11, which presents the Christ hymn, a foundational text for Christology.
Scriptures Cited
- Acts 16:12-40
- Philippians 1:1-11
- Philippians 1:12-26
- Philippians 1:27-2:18
- Philippians 2:5-11
- Philippians 2:19-30
- Philippians 3:1-21
- Philippians 4:1-23
- Philippians 4:4
- Philippians 4:15-16
Sources Used
- Bruce, F. F. The Epistle to the Philippians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.
- Fee, Gordon D. Paul's Letter to the Philippians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.
- O'Brien, Peter T. The Epistle to the Philippians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
- Wright, N. T. Paul for Everyone: The Prison Letters. London: SPCK, 2004.
